Home » Control Chart Formulas » XbarR Chart Formula

XbarR Chart Formulas

The XbarR Chart can help you evaluate the stability of processes using variable data--time, cost, length, weight when you have 2 to 10 samples per period.

XbarR Chart formulas used in QI Macros add-in

k = number of subgroups (a group of measurements produced under the same set of conditions)

n = number of samples in a subgroup

A₂, D₃ and D₄ are constants based on n

Conforms with ANSI/ASQC B1, B2, B3 1996

* "Introduction to Statistical Quality Control," Douglas C. Montgomery *

Process: Calculate, plot, and evaluate the Range Chart first. If it is "out of control," so is the process. If the Range Chart looks okay, then calculate, plot, and evaluate the X Chart.

Note: Some people wonder why QI Macros results are a tiny bit different from some versions of other software. The answer is that they use a different estimator. Donald Wheeler in Advanced Topics in Statistical Process Control says: "Even though the Pooled [Standard Deviation] estimator is common in many applications, the robustness of Rbar/d2 and Sbar/c4 makes them the preferred estimators for use with process behavior charts."

Furthermore, Minitab started using Pooled Standard Deviation to calculate Cp/Cpk, and control limits on XbarR and XbarS Charts in versions 15 and 16. Minitab 17 went back to Rbar/d2 and Sbar/c4 for XbarR/S control limits, but retained pooled stdev for Cp/Cpk calculations when using multiple samples.

---

Learn More...

• Create a XbarR Chart in Excel using QI Macros
• XbarR Chart Video
• XbarR Capability Suite Template in Excel

The X bar R chart is just one of the tools included in the QI Macros for Excel SPC Software for Excel.

---

Why Choose QI Macros Over Other Control Chart Software?