Control Limits are the Key to Control Charts
What are Control Chart Limits?
Control limits distinguish control charts from a simple line graph or run chart. They are like guard rails that help you determine if your process is stable or not.
Control limits are calculated from your data.
In a stable process:
68.3% of the data points should fall between ± 1 sigma.
95.5% of the data points should fall between ± 2 sigma.
99.7% of the data points should fall between the UCL and LCL.
How do you calculate control limits?
- First calculate the Center Line. The Center Line equals either the average or median of your data.
- Second calculate sigma. The formula for sigma varies depending on the type of data you have.
- Third, calculate the sigma lines. These are simply ± 1 sigma,
± 2 sigma and ± 3 sigma from the center line.
+ 3 sigma = Upper Control Limit (UCL)
- 3 sigma = Lower Control Limit (LCL)
Why are there so many formulas for sigma?
The formula for sigma depends on the type of data you have:
- Is it continuous or discrete?
- What is the sample size?
- Is the sample size constant?
Each type of data has its own distinct formula for sigma and, therefore, its own type of control chart.
There are seven main types of control charts (c, p, u, np, individual moving range XmR, XbarR and XbarS.) Plus there are many more variations for special circumstances. As you might guess, this can get ugly. Here are some examples of control limit formulas:
p Chart formula
Individual Moving Range Chart formula
X bar R Chart formula
* "Introduction to Statistical Quality Control," Douglas C. Montgomery *
The secret formula to ignoring all other formulas. Software!
You can try and calculate sigma and the control limits yourself, but ...
- It will suck up a bunch of your time.
- You'll probably make mistakes and aggravate customers.
- And you will find your homegrown template hard to maintain.
Based on calls to our tech support line, most people who try to perform manual calculations or build their own Excel formulas end up with incorrect results.
Instead, use proven software like QI Macros Add-in for Excel
QI Macros is an easy to use add-in for Excel that installs a new tab on Excel's toolbar.
Just select your data and QI Macros does all of the calculations and draws the control chart for you.
QI Macros calculations are tested and accurate.
QI Macros built in code is smart enough to:
- analyze your data and select the right control chart (and formulas) for you.
- highlight unstable points and trends in red.
- determine when you have had a process change and need to recalculate your control limits.
QI Macros Also Makes it Easy to Update Control Limit Calculations
Once you create a control chart using QI Macros, you can easily update the control limits using the QI Macros Chart Tools menu. To access the menu, you must be on a chart or on a chart embedded in a worksheet.
Here's what you can do with the click of a button:
- Run the Process Change Wizard to Identify where changes occurred
- Show Process Change (i.e. stair step control limits) on a point you choose
- Ghost a Point - leave data point on a chart but remove it from control limit calculations
- Delete a Point - remove a point from the chart and from control limit calculations
- Recalculate UCL/LCL - recalculate control limits after adding new data
There are also options to easily re-run stability analysis after changing data or control limit calculations.
Why Choose QI Macros Control Chart Software for Excel?
Affordable
- Only $299 USD - less with quantity discounts
- No annual subscription fees
- Free technical support
Easy to Use
- Works right in Excel
- Create a chart in seconds
- Easy to customize & share charts
Proven and Trusted
- More than 100,000 users
- In More than 80 countries
- Five Star CNET Rating - Virus free
